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Conditional Statements

Conditional statements in python are used to execute code blocks based on whether a condition evaluates to True or False. They include if, if-else and if-elif-else statements.

1. if Statement​

Executes a block of code if the condition evaluates to True.

x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")

2. if-else Statement​

Executes one block of code if the condition is True and another block if it is False.

x = 3
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
else:
    print("x is 5 or less")

3. if-elif-else Statement​

Used to check multiple conditions. Executes the first block where the condition evaluates to True.

x = 20
if x < 10:
    print("x is less than 10")
elif x == 20:
    print("x is 20")
else:
    print("x is greater than 10 and not 20")

4. Nested if Statements​

You can place an if statement inside another if statement.

x = 15
if x > 10:
    if x < 20:
        print("x is between 10 and 20")

5. Using Logical Operators in Conditions​

You can combine multiple conditions using logical operators like and, or, and not.

x = 10
if x > 5 and x < 20:
    print("x is between 5 and 20")

if not (x < 5):
    print("x is not less than 5")

6. Ternary Conditional Operator​

A shorthand way to write an if-else statement.

x = 10
result = "Greater than 5" if x > 5 else "5 or less"
print(result)  # Output: Greater than 5

7. Match case​

The match-case statement in Python (introduced in Python 3.10) provides a way to perform pattern matching, similar to switch-case statements in other languages. It allows matching variables or expressions against one or more patterns and executing code blocks based on the match.

value = 2

match value:
    case 1:
        print("Value is 1")
    case 2 | 3:
        print("Value is 2 or 3")
    case _:
        print("Value is something else")